Formula notes and assumptions
The calculator uses the cylindrical Hertz line-contact equations b = 2 sqrt(2 F R / (pi B E')) and Pmax = 4 Pmean / pi, where b is contact half-width, F is total normal load, R is reduced radius, E' is reduced elastic modulus, and B is contact length. The centerline subsurface stress component in the x direction follows sigma_x = -2 nu Pmax (sqrt(1 + z^2 / b^2) - |z / b|); the y and z stress components use the corresponding Hertz line-contact centerline expressions. Equations are from Popov, Contact Mechanics and Friction.
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